DC Chopper Control Board PCBA

The DC chopper control board PCBA is a printed circuit board assembly used to control the operation of the DC chopper. The following is a detailed introduction:

Hardware composition

• Main control chip: usually a microcontroller (MCU) or a digital signal processor (DSP), responsible for executing the control algorithm, generating a control pulse signal to control the on and off of the switch device according to the input signal and preset parameters.

• Drive circuit: composed of a drive chip and related peripheral circuits, converting the weak current signal output by the main control chip into a drive signal with sufficient power and voltage to drive the switch device to turn on and off quickly and reliably.

• Switching devices: such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), power field effect transistors (MOSFETs), etc., are the core executive elements of the DC chopper, and realize the chopping control of the DC voltage by fast on and off.

• Sampling circuit: including voltage sampling and current sampling circuits, used to collect signals such as input DC voltage, output voltage and load current in real time, and convert them into weak current signals suitable for processing by the main control chip, so that the main control chip can perform closed-loop control.

• Protection circuit: It is equipped with overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, overheating protection and other circuits. When an abnormal situation occurs, the driving signal of the switching device is quickly cut off to protect the circuit components from damage.

• Power supply circuit: It provides a stable DC power supply for each chip and circuit on the control board. It usually converts the input DC voltage into voltages of different levels to meet the working requirements of different components.

Working principle

• The main control chip compares the voltage and current signals fed back by the sampling circuit with the preset target values, and calculates the appropriate duty cycle through the control algorithm. Then, the main control chip outputs the corresponding pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, which is amplified by the drive circuit to control the on and off of the switching device. When the switching device is turned on, the input DC voltage is added to the load; when the switching device is turned off, the voltage on the load is zero. By changing the ratio of the on time of the switching device to the period, that is, the duty cycle, the average value of the output DC voltage can be adjusted to achieve chopping control of the DC voltage to meet the voltage requirements of different loads.

Features

• High-efficiency conversion: It can achieve higher DC voltage conversion efficiency, reduce energy loss, and improve energy utilization.

• Precise control: Through closed-loop control algorithms and high-precision sampling circuits, it can accurately control the output voltage to meet the voltage accuracy requirements of various loads.

• Fast response: It has a fast response capability to input voltage changes and load changes, and can adjust the output voltage in time to maintain the stability of the system.

• Multiple protection functions: It has a complete protection mechanism that can effectively protect the equipment from damage under abnormal conditions, improving the reliability and safety of the system.

Application areas

• Widely used in the field of power electronics, such as the drive system of electric vehicles to adjust the power supply voltage of the motor; in industrial automation, it provides a stable variable DC voltage for the DC motor speed control system; it is also used in switching power supplies, electroplating, electrolysis and other occasions where DC voltage needs to be precisely controlled.